Sir Francis Bacon :: essays research papers fc

Sir Francis Bacon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sir Francis Bacon was born January 22, 1561. He died April 9, 1626. He was an English essayist, lawyer, statesman, and philosopher . He had a major influence on the philosophy of science. When he was 12 years old, he began studies at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1576 he entered Gray's Inn to pursue a career in law. He was first elected in 1584. Bacon's opposition to royal tax measures would probably have brought an end to his political advancement, but he had the support of the Earl of Essex, whose prosecution for treason he later managed. He was knighted in 1603 after the succession of James I. Bacon and he became solicitor-general in 1609, attorney-general in 1613, lord keeper of the great seal in 1617, and lord chancellor in 1618; he was also created Baron of Verulam I 1618, and Viscount St. Albans in 1621. Bacon retained James's favor by steadfast defense of royal prerogative, but in 1621 he was found guilty of accepting bribes and was removed from his office. Retiring to Gorhambury, he devoted himself to writing and scientific work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Philosophically, Bacon wrote marks such as the Instauratio Magna (Great Restoration), setting forth his concepts for the restoration of humankind to mastery over nature. It was intended to contain six parts: first a classification of sciences; second a new inductive logic; third a gathering of empirical and experimental facts; fourth examples to show the effectiveness of his new approach; fifth generalization derivable from natural history; and a new philosophy that would be a complete science of nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bacon completed only two parts, however, the Advancement of Learning in 1605, later expanded as De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum (On the Dignity and Growth of Sciences, 1620); and the Novum Organum (The New Organon, 1620), which was to replace Aristotle's Organon. Sciences were under the general headings of history, poetry, and philosophy. Their culmination was an inductive philosophy of nature, in which proposed to find the natural laws, of bodily action. To this end, he devised so-called tables of induction designed to discover such forms with the goal of mastery over nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Bacon was not a great scientist, he gave impetus to the development of modern inductive science.

1800 Century English Literature Essay

Introduction Poems have been used for centuries to communicate, hide, preserve and transform meaning that in normal parlance would lose its significance. The significance of poems is as vital as the human race as is echoed by the words of John Keating who said, â€Å"We don’t read and write poems because it is cute. We read and write poems because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion†¦Ã¢â‚¬    Therefore, poems can tell a story, vividly describe an object or situation, express the feelings of animate and in-animate things beyond what the normal sentence structure ever will (Kurkland). The use of language as a vehicle or tool of delivery is paramount through out histories of all cultures. Linguistic importance is noted in many poems written before the 1800 because they capture historical moments and great deeds of men which normal language would not do much justice.   Hero and Lander is a fragmentary poem   by Christopher Marlowe who lived in the 1550s , a retelling a love story of two people, first written by a Greek poet Masseus Grammaticus but retold by Marlowe in a unique sensual and erotic way that captured the hearts of many of his contemporaries and was considered a master piece. The battle of Maldon is a poem named after a famous battle fought towards the end of 10th century between the English and the Vikings. The poem describes the events of the battle and the gruesome experience endured by the fighters, the act of courage(folly)by the main character in the poem King Brithnoth, who was the English leading his army against the Viking invasion.   The two poems underscore the importance of linguistic devices and reveal the major concerns of the period in terms of human development. They are a passionate account of their subject and strive to deliver a vivid and moving account of the times using style and symbolism to carry their emotionally laden subjects. Comparison and Contrast In Battle of Maldon, the opening stanza begins at a high note. †Then he ordered each of his warriors his horse to loose Far off to send it and forth to go, To be mindful of his hands and of his high heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Battle of Maldon The king is urging his soldiers on for a combat. He does not give them time to think of going back or of retreat. He also encourages them to be brave. In Hero and Lander, the beginning is as dramatic as the one on Battle of Maldon. â€Å"On â€Å"Hellespont, guilty of true-love’s blood, In view and opposite two cities stood, Sea-borderers, disjoined by Neptune’s might;..† The fact that there is guilt is already a foreshadow of revelations of sins ahead. The heart , which is alluded to in these first few lines (by true love and blood) is also mentioned in Battle of Maldon , to bring out the urgency and tense condition the subjects in the poems are experiencing. The key similarities and differences between the two cultural periods represented by these narratives While Hero and Lander was written during the period of romanticism in Europe when most of the scholarly work was based on the liberal arts, intellectual development based on theology religion and the arts took centre stage. It was the period of Shakespeare and human beings were more concerned with topics such as love, justice, war, among others. The battle of Maldon was however written when human beings existed to serve the wish of their kings, battles were fought as often as duels and everything was done with the aim of battling an enemy and protecting boundaries. The battle of Maldon elevates moral triumph over physical victory. Though the king is defeated, his action of letting the Vikings into his territory, â€Å"Then did the earl, in his overweening heart Lend land too much to that loathed people. Then ‘gan he call out – across the cold water Brighthelm’s son, and all the band listened. â€Å"Now room is meted you, come swiftly to us.† (The battle of Maldon)   This is an act chivalry because he chooses not to fight a battle with an enemy who is greatly disadvantaged. In doing this, he was able to make a level-battling field for his opponents who later butchered him mercilessly. However, king Brithnoth dies, his act of bravado lives in the poem to this day. His country men who also stand by his body to fight until death also display the solidarity, patriotism and loyalty demanded of any subject. The others who fled portray an influence of insincere and coward-like men who decided to flee their own brothers while they are being butchered. Though some of the texts in the beginning and the end of the original manuscript were burnt in a fire, the background to the poem completely captures the heroic act of Brithnoth who decides to fight to death instead of the option of paying off the Vikings. Both poems seem to be concerned with a central object in the human body, the heart. They try to explain how the heart is an important component on moving men to act in either cowardice, bravery or foolishness.   In contrast, the two poems also address different topic altogether. While the battle of Maldon addresses courage, morality and loyalty (virtues), Hero and Lander focuses on the passion and intensity of love and its effect on human beings. While the former is drawn toward principles and virtues (objective), the latter is drawn toward human suffering and happiness. However, both poems advocate for dying for a cause. In the battle of Maldon, the cause is honor while in Hero and Lander, its love References Daniel J Kurkland 2000. www.Critical reading.com http://www.criticalreading.com/poetry.htm â€Å"The Battle of Maldon† translated by Barridge Wilfridge.   1997-2009 http://www.battleofmaldon.org.uk/index.htm â€Å"Hero and Leander, Christopher Marlowe – Introduction.† Poetry Criticism, Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 57 Gale Cengage, 2004. eNotes.com. 2006. 11 Dec 2009 â€Å"Hero and Leander†, by Christopher Marlowe http://www.classic-literature.co.uk/british-authors/16th-century/christopher-marlowe/hero-and-leander/   

Womens Role in Marriage - 1327 Words

The roles of women have changed drastically throughout the years. Historically the expected role of the woman in the family was to a take care of the needs within the home, which included providing care for the children, doing chores, and making goods. During these times women were required to be subservient to their husbands and had little say in the matters outside of the home or outside her â€Å"place.† During the 1800s women were essentially the possession of their spouse, they were not allowed to keeps their earnings, inheritance, nor their freedom. Once married, often very young, the woman became one with her husband and followed his rules within and outside of the home. Similar to the present, there were levels of class, however,†¦show more content†¦Women have continued to progress throughout the years, becoming an almost equal counterpart to men in the work force and in politics. The women of the twenty-first century are a model of which those in the 1800s a spired to be. Having gained such freedom, the woman’s place in the home and marriage no longer requires her to do anything, ultimately the woman has a choice in what she does. Unlike women of the 1800s, who were trapped in their marriage by law, women of the twenty-first century have the option of divorce, prenuptial agreements, and alimony, a great development from the earlier. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Mrs. Mallard struggled with the idea of having loved her husband, Chopin writes, â€Å"And yet she had love him—sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being† (116, Paragraph 15). Marriages of the nineteenth century were mainly social agreements, an article on women in the nineteenth century expounded on their marriages stating, â€Å"Young girls were often married by the age of 13 or 14 and if women weren’t married by the age of 25.† The marriages during this time were more for economical convenience rather than actual romance. In these marriages the husband could do as he pleased with no legal consequences other than for murder of their wife. The women provided care for the children of the home andShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Divorce Rate and Women in the Workplace1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Divorce Rate and Women in the Workplace Marriage Most ancient societies needed a source environment for the upholding of the species and a system of rules to handle the granting of property rights. The institution of marriage handled both of these needs. Some varieties of marriage are Polygamy- one man, several wives or one woman, several husbands. Polygyny- one man, several wives. Polyandry- one woman, several husbands. Endogamy- requirement to marry someone who belongs to his or herRead MoreEquality of the Sexes: Elizabethan Era and Now (as Conveyed in Romeo and Juliet)895 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor issue and dispute. Analysing the role of women in the Elizabethan Era, through Shakespeare’s representation in Romeo and Juliet, and comparing them to the role of women in the 21st century, will help to demonstrate that equality of the sexes has been achieved, and come a long way in the past 400 years. Three ways in which equality of the sexes has been achieved is the role of a married, and unmarried woman, and roles of women in society. Married women’s roles have changed significantly since theRead MoreThe Feminist Theory Of Mary Astell s Piece From The Norton Anthology Of English Literature1434 Words   |  6 Pages(The Norton Anthology 2421). (Tyson 1). In Mary Astell’s piece from The Norton Anthology of English Literature,â€Å"From Some Reflections upon Marriage†, she argues the ideas of a feminist approach on marriage through an honest depiction of male motivations, irony in marriage, and lack of education of women. Overall, she illustrates that men hold the power in a marriage, leaving uneducated woman undermining self- confidence and assertiveness. Women face economic, political, social, and psychologicalRead MoreHitler During The Nazi Era878 Words   |  4 Pagesduring the Nazi era; his outlook on how women should act is embodied in the Speech to the National Socialist Women’s Association. The speech was given by Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, the organization’s leader, with the intent to convince women to take their place in Hitler’s Nazi movement. The emphasis on women’s natural roles in the home, as mothers and wives, and the discouragement of women’s right are manifested in the persuasive language of national identity and involvement. Hitler uses Scholtz-KlinkRead MoreGender Equality1474 Words   |  6 Pagessomething important was born and it was the birth of the womens rights movement. Women were tired of being the â€Å"caregiver[s]† (Gender Roles Within American Marriage) while the men were the â€Å"breadwinners† (Gender Roles Within American Marriage). Women had to do ch ange things around because they could not live the same life they were living. Many of the â€Å"women were suffering under the dominance of men in their lives† (Gender Roles Within American Marriage). It was time for women to fight for â€Å"gender equalityRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Equal Rights Amendment1239 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment would legalize gay marriage and abortion, as well as destroy Christian family values in other ways. Traditional Familial Roles During the 1970s, conservative Christians claimed the Equal Rights Amendment would demolish their traditional family roles and values. Phyllis Schlafly once said that the family is the fundamental foundation of a Judeo-Christian society (Critchlow 217). Because of the amendment’s backing by the Women’s Liberationists (called â€Å"women’s libbers†), right-wing ChristiansRead MoreThe Confusion Of Today s Culture1246 Words   |  5 Pagesin today’s culture about â€Å"roles† in marriage compels us to understand what unique responsibilities various cultures assign to a wife. With this, many cultures place a special emphasis on the headship granted to the husband and the role of subordination belonging to the wife. In various places, men have authority over their wives, in law and in practice. Modern values such as gender equality may be at odds with some traditions, one example being a traditional jewish marriage, which is based on the manRead MoreTrifles by Susan Glaspell: Women’s Silent Voices Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading the play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, I was able to grasp the important facts about social views of women and their domestic roles. Glaspell’s play depicts the gender inequality which exists in the society, drawing significant attention to the societal values of women at that time. Although women’s roles are treated as unimportant, she depicts women’s devotion that lies with each other and emphasizes how they survive the patriarchal society. Susan Glaspell highlights the settings as theatricalRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1732 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history, women’s opportunities have been determined by their wealth, position in society, and their family’s status. However, a woman’s future was not only affected by the situation she was born into, but by the choices she made, including whether she chose to marry. Women’s circumstances have been analyzed in classic as well as modern literature, including Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. While women are expected to get married and start a family rather than devote time to a high-poweredRead MoreGoddess, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity, written by Sarah B. Pomery1327 Words   |  5 Pagessociety of ancient Greece and Roman over a time period of fifteen hundred years. Pomery focuses on these roles and how they are significant in the development and structure of these great ancient civilization s. Her goal in writing this book was to expand upon her first book, entitled Goddesses as she discusses in the Preface of this book. She wanted to include the significance of all women’s roles beyond just that of Olympian women because the first thesis was so well received. Pomery begins the

Main Problems of Teenage Pregnancy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 561 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Teenage Pregnancy Essay Did you like this example? What is teen pregnancy? Teen pregnancy is when a teen, nineteen or younger, has a child. This can lead to numerous problems, as it is a child having a child. Most teenage moms dont graduate high school and have a harder time supporting themselves. Teen pregnancy negatively affects teen moms because it leads to health issues, a lower chance of getting a good education, and gives them a higher chance to use/abuse drugs. First, teenage moms experience a variety of health issues. Most relate to depression, which can lead to a mother harming herself or her kid. Depression isnt just caused by childbirth, but society around her as well. Most people frown upon teenagers having kids, which could make the mother feel horrible about herself. Society would be constantly judging her, and since she isnt an adult, she wouldnt know how to deal with it. The health issues arent just for her. Her baby has a higher chance of being born with disabilities. Some parents today cant deal with debil itated children, and putting it on a teen is even worse. Second, teen moms have a lower chance of getting a better education. What follows is a scenario. Youre a teenager, you have a minimum wage job, and homework takes a long time to do. Then, you have a baby, and your job money has to be spent on the child. Babies take a lot of work, so your homework is unfinished. Because you dont do your homework, you start failing classes. You start stressing about it, but the baby is more important. You end up dropping out of school, and take care of the bay full time. A few years later, your baby has grown and you need more things for him and you. Without a highschool degree, its nearly impossible to get a job supporting your child. Scenario is over. Thats what happens to most teen parents. 40% of teen moms cant get a higher education or get a better job. A college degree is needed for many jobs, but the killer is no high school diploma. No high school diploma equals not a lot of money. T hirdly, teen moms have a higher chance to use/abuse drugs. 60% of them have used drugs before. This can lead to bad things for the mother and child. Children born with parents using drugs have higher chances of being born with a disability. The mother would usually do drugs after the pregnancy to cope with problems. As I mentioned earlier, depression could be a reason that they use drugs. Drugs like marijuana give a relaxing feeling to teens, making the depression easier. The effect only lasts so long, and theyll crave more. That could lead to them caring more for the drugs than the baby. Teen pregnancy affects teens in bad ways. They are more likely to develop health issues, like depression as a result of having a baby that early. The moms are more likely to not get a better education, as taking care of the baby is a full-time job. This leads to them not getting a diploma, which results in less job opportunities. They have a better chance of using drugs to cope with depression or taking care of a child. Teens should not have children, as they are not ready to take care of a baby mentally or physically. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Main Problems of Teenage Pregnancy" essay for you Create order

Medical Management Decisions And The Plan Of Care...

Alzheimer’s is a chronic medical neurodegenerative disease, therefore is a neurological illness which departures the brain cells, causing it to act in memory loss and mental failure. Early-onsets Alzheimer’s can be noticed in an individual beginning from ages 40-50s. Statistics show that of the 5.4 million Americans with Alzheimer s, an estimated 5.2 million people are age 65 and older, and approximately 200,000 individuals are under age 65 (Alzheimer’s Association, n.d.). The course of this disorder begins from mild to severe life- threatening. Recent medications and medical treatment strategies can temporarily improve symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this research paper is to examine medical management decisions and the stepwise approach to guide diagnosed individuals and their plan of care decisions. Pathophysiology This disease affects the central nervous system. Alzheimer’s disease affects multiple parts of the brain and spinal cord and it also includes the temporal lobe, parietal lobe, frontal cortex, and the cingulate gyrus. Alzheimer’s is characterized by neuronal loss, which is responsible for the loss of memory, language, perception, and cognitive skills associated with the disease (Anthony, Isaacs, Lamastres Nguyen. n.d.). There are three main components of the brain that are effected which are; The cerebrum, cerebellum; which is under the cerebrum towards the back of your head, controlling your coordination and balance and brain stem; connecting to brainShow MoreRelatedAmerican Diabetes Association : A Long History Of Research Support And Engagement1662 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially through the aging population, comes at a considerable economic cost. Health care expenses for individuals with diabetes are 2.3 times greater than expenses for those without diabetes, and diabetes complications account for a significant amount of those cost. The ADA is committed to improve the lives of all those with or at risk for the disease, by improving technologies because it has a big impact in providing medical services quantitative as well as qualitative, workforce experienced and wellRead MoreKaiser Permanente As A Health Care Organization1061 Words   |  5 PagesToday, health care is one of the most the important subjects in United States. There are many Private and nonprofitmaking organization dedicated to health care. This paper discusses the readiness of Kaiser Permanente as a health care organization to respond the future health care needs of citizens. This paper also contains its strategic plan that addresses issues relating to network growth, nurse staffing, resource management and patient satisfaction. Addressing the Health Care Needs of CitizensRead MoreImportance Of Iterative Process Groups On Healthcare Improvement1418 Words   |  6 PagesUniversityâ€Æ' The Importance of Iterative Process Groups Project management involves five groups of processes: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing. The process groups are important to a project’s flow throughout its lifecycle. The processes within the groups include the tools and/or techniques involved in applying the skills and capabilities described in the PMBOK’s Knowledge Area (Project Management Institute, 2013). This paper will discuss the importance of theRead MoreDecision Making in Health Care1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe looming changes in health care are a frequent topic in many meetings with health care providers. Budget cuts are not just a speculation but are a reality. Decision-making to provide quality patient care with less money is a challenge at best. Health care management decisions are made daily and these affect many patients both positively, and negatively. Texas state department budgets are continuing to become leaner, and the Medicaid population seems to be continua lly growing. Texas currently hasRead MoreQi Plan Part Iii Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesQI Plan Part III - Implementation and Revision HSC/588 Anna Caluza May 26, 2014 Linda Roan Q I Part III – Implementing and Revising The implementation of correct systems required a team including expert leader’s approach. Effective communications between leaders of Doctor’s Medical Center, end users, the vendors, and the department staff is important when collecting data. For data transfer, authority need to assure that the new system communicate with the existingRead MoreEvaluation Of The Johns Hopkins Hospital1222 Words   |  5 Pagescentered care, performance, people, education, biomedical discovery, and integration. The Johns Hopkins Hospital includes 33 operating rooms, a total of 696 private inpatient rooms, and 67 private emergency exam rooms. A chief mission is to advance patient care, education, and research. Utilization Management Plan Utilization Management is a method for calculating the delivery of health care services to determine if a patient’s care is medically necessary. Furthermore, the utilization management programRead MoreEvaluation Of A Patient Care Application1725 Words   |  7 PagesDetermine, within the health care setting, the main features, capabilities, and operational benefits to a health care organization using the following: Provide specific examples of each: patient care applications, management and enterprise systems, e-Health applications, and strategic decision-support applications. Patient Care Applications Patient care applications are one element of HMIS geared towards patient centric management. According to Tan Payton (2010) these applications are â€Å"designedRead MoreEthics in Medicine : the Relationship Between Law and Medical Ethics:1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe essay will discuss the ETHICS IN MEDICINE : The Relationship Between Law and Medical Ethics: Dispute and Legal Issues: A 32 year old woman was admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit following a motor vehicle accident; she had multiple injuries and fractures, with several complications which continued to develop over the first couple of weeks. The patient rapidly developed Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, was on a ventilator, and was continuously sedated. Shortly after the patientsRead MoreStrategic Planning Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pages Strategic Planning The current health care environment is characterized by rapid changes in various aspects of operations, prompting hospitals to embrace strategic planning in order to position themselves in the dynamic environment. Strategic planning serves a vital purpose of helping an organization determine what it wants to be in days to come and how it will achieve this objective. This paper explains how a well constructed strategic plan would benefit Atchison hospital which is located inRead MoreImportance Of Value Based Health Care Purchasing937 Words   |  4 Pagesone of it is the quality in health care. Employees invested so much on healthcare so they expect value for their money. In addition, the interest of employers in improving the quality of healthcare also started when health insurance premiums were rising every year to almost 20%. Because of this, employers have become more involved in developing strategies for the purchasing of health insurance. Another reason for employer’s in terest in improving quality of care is that access to high-quality healthcare

Gandhi’s Impact on the Liberation of Indian Women Free Essays

India has the world’s largest number of professionally qualified women. It has more female doctors, surgeons, scientists and professors than the United Statesi. This is a remarkable accomplishment for Indian women. We will write a custom essay sample on Gandhi’s Impact on the Liberation of Indian Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite all of this, for thousands of years Indian women have been treated unfairly and unequally. It has taken years for women to gain respect in society; it did not come over night. Not one single event has emancipated women, instead it has been a series of events which has led Indian women to their liberation. Many riots, protests and powerful leadership have taken place in order to overcome this rigorous struggle. Due to the leadership of one man India changed from being controlled by the British Commonwealth to becoming and Independent Nation. This leader was Mahatma Gandhi. In is efforts to develop an independent country he also paved the path for Indian women to rise and speak against the social norms, which excluded them in society. During the time of Gandhi’s leadership he observed many instances in which women were suffering. For instance, the average life span of an Indian was 27 years as both babies and pregnant women ran a high risk of dying young. Child marriages were very common, widows were in high numbers, and only 2% of the women had any education. In addition, specifically in North India the women practiced the purda (veil) system, in which they had to keep their faces covered if they were to go outside. Gandhi recognized and attempted to change the terrible suffering of Indian women and therefore, he initiated women to step out of their homes and participate in the protests by his use of Satyagraha philosophy, which resulted in several women leading their own movements. The harmful treatment toward Indian women was profoundly due to societal and religious sacraments. Many societal and religious customs subordinated women and made them inferior to man. A hundred years ago it was common for child marriages to occur, and for it to be completely legal. Child marriages were considered important in Indian society especially in the Hindu religion, since it was crucial to be married to someone of the same caste and therefore should be arranged at a young age. However, this invariably led to a high number of child widows since the men the young girls were marrying were much older. Gandhi stated â€Å"not only consider it uncivilised but a crime against God to call the union of children a married state because it undermines morals and induces physical degeneration†ii. He recognized that child marriages were immoral and also contributed to the high number of child widows. Gandhi believed that if young girls were not married at such young ages then the number of child widows would decrease. Although, Gandhi was married at a young age of 13 he â€Å"vehemently† condemned child marriages and argued that ancient Hindu scriptural texts laying down â€Å"barbaric† and â€Å"degrading† rules regarding women should be revisediii. Gandhi proposed the idea that child marriages should not occur and that there should be a minimum age at which a girl can be married. This proposal by Gandhi initiated women to take action on this issue. At the first session of the Women’s Conference they adopted a resolution urging the government to make marriages under 16 a penal offence. Although, this did take time to enforce eventually in 1929 the Sarda Act took place fixing the age limit to 15 iv. This was the first legislative enactment the women had won, and a substantial part of this was due to Gandhi’s realization that women were equals. Gandhi strongly believed that women and men were of equal sex and women should not be treated any differently. Gandhi stated, â€Å"Woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacities. She has the right to participate in very minutest detail in the activities of man and she has an equal right of freedom and liberty with him†v. Gandhi had a strong sense of respect for women in society and believed they needed to be treated equally. Another societal and religious pressure that was considered essential for Indian women to practice was the purdah (veil) system. Purdah was more of a tradition to areas of Islamic rule. Women were to keep all parts of their body covered in public, except their eyes. Gandhi witnessed the effects purdah had on women, and believed that chasity came from within and that it could not be protected by the purdah. Gandhi stated, â€Å"It must grow from within, and to be worth anything it must be capable of withstanding every unsought temptation†vi. The purdah system restricted women to the household and even such tasks as shopping were the responsibility of the men. Gandhi encouraged a campaign to be sought out which would educate both the men and women, â€Å"If the campaign is well organized, and continued with zeal, the purdah should become a thing of the past†vii. Although the purdah system has not been entirely eliminated it has significantly decreased among women in South Asia today. However, Gandhi found that even those who were educated did not have the courage to reject the purdah customviii. The suggestion by Gandhi to educate young women was made early in the nineteenth century to eliminate practices that subordinated women. The education of women was poor at the time of Gandhi, and this was because of their low status in society. As the Nationlist movement developed a high magnitude base in the 1930’s attention began to be directed toward the education of the crowd. In 1973, Gandhi organized a conference which came to be known as the Wardha scheme, a system of basic education for India. Girls basic education was to concentrate on domestic courses. However, Gandhi emphasized that men’s and women’s education should differ. This idea is one that does not necessarily contribute to equality. Gandhi states, † We shall accept equality of rights for women, but I think their education should differ from men’s as their nature and function do†ix. Gandhi did want women to achieve equality, however; he still believed that women had a different role. The fact that there are different roles due to gender does not necessarily support women’s liberation. This contradiction in Gandhi’s work is due to his belief that, â€Å"It is women’s right to rule the house. Man is master outside of it† x. Gandhi certainly believed that the education for women was extremely important, however; he did not believe that the methods for education should be identical in both cases xi. Once women became educated according to Gandhi they would no longer put up with â€Å"glaring inequalities to which they are subjected† xii. Gandhi emphasized the importance of education and after independence came a constitutional guarantee to establish free and compulsory education for all children xiii. Gandhi’s insightful observations on Indian women have initiated substantial changes to their lifestyle and status in society due to his encouragement of education. To get women out of their homes and participate in the freedom for Independence Gandhi introduced his philosophy of Satyagraha. Gandhi’s philosophy of Satyagraha is one that appealed to women and contributed to their emancipation. In South Africa Gandhi developed the technique of Satyagraha or â€Å"soul force† which proved effective in resisting political control that the British demonstrated. Truth (Satya) implies love, and firmness (Agraha) engenders and therefore serve’s as a synonym for force. Gandhi adopted what he learned in South Africa and demonstrated his political genius for the Independence struggle of India. Under his guidance a mass movement was created and eventually through his patience and his use of Satyagraha, Independence was declared in 1949. Gandhi seemed to direct an appeal specifically to women, telling them he had great faith in their capacity to sacrifice and endure suffering. This was a concept that women could easily comprehend since they have socialized to endure and sacrifice. Mahatma Gandhi speaks of this and explains why women are more able to self-sacrifice, â€Å"Woman is the incarnation of Ahimsa. Ahimsa means infinite love which again means infinite capacity in the largest measure. She shows it as she carries the infant and feeds it during nine months and derives joy in the suffering involved. What can beat the sufferings caused by the pangs of labour? But she forgets them in the joy of creation. Who, again, suffers daily so that her babe may wax from today? Let her transfer that love the whole humanity, let her forget she ever was or can be object of man’s lust. And she will occupy her proud position by the side of man as his mother, maker and silent leader. It is given to her to teach the art of peace to the warring world, thirsting for that nectar. She can become the leader of Satyagraha which does not require the learning that books give but does require the stout heart that comes from suffering and faith† xiv. As one can see it was Gandhi’s belief in women’s strength that initiated them to promote Satyagraha and become a part of the movement. Millions of women both educated and illiterate, housewives, widows, students and the elderly participated in India’s freedom movement because of Gandhi’s influence. Gandhi set a unique example amongst Indian leaders by including women among the â€Å"masses† in a more natural way. Women participated in mass movements led by him in a natural course xv. The women of India used their new tool of passive resistance to fight for freedom and independence. During the march to Dandi in 1930, to break the salt law, women from all levels and walks of life came out into the â€Å"battle arena†. As the men were put behind bars, the women stepped out providing mature considered leadership, inititative, and resourcefulness, beyond all expectations xvi. At this time women were risking their lives in order to gain freedom. Women were held in jail, some of them pregnant and thus many died because of the lack of food. They did this all in the hope that one day India would be a free country, with little conception that these actions would help to free the women of India. Gandhi put women on a higher spiritual pedestal and expected them to be a real ‘divine power’. â€Å"Not only did he believe that women was man’s equal, rather, he took her to be superior in her capacity to suffer and sacrifice† xvii. Gandhi’s belief that women were more superior because they could endure greater amounts of suffering encouraged women to step forward and participate in such movements. There is not doubt that the most awakening event for Indian women was the battle for India’s political freedom by the use of the non-violent action that Gandhi encouraged. During Gandhi’s political movements he attempted to boycott all British made goods and instead assert the need for Indians to make their own goods. Mahatma Gandhi was indeed a pragmatic thinker and he realized that women were the fifty percent of human resources and it was essential to use them in the struggle for independence. â€Å"The chastity of women can be protected with the help of the spinning wheel. There is another occupation in which millions of women can engage themselves remaining at home. India must learn to be self-reliant†xviii. He believed that women were overwhelmingly concerned with the need for foreign cloth, and instead believed that women should start spinning the wheel in order to make their own cloth. This was an idea that started off to be for the benefit of reaching independence, however; it also benefited the emancipation of women in India. Women were now self-sufficient and began to feel much more confidant and independent because they did not have to rely on others. Gandhi has made considerable impacts on women and has motivated them to step forward and lead movements of their own. For instance the All India Women’s Conference (AIWC) founded in 1927 tried to mobilize Indian women and build a national organization concerning social service activities xix. The AIWC gave women’s organization a national leadership and achieved limited success in influencing government policy with regard to women’s suffrage, education and healthxx. The Nationalist leader Sarojini Naidu was one of the first women to take the â€Å"pledge†. She held demonstrations in various cites and made special appeals to women of the land xxi. Under Gandhi’s leadership thousands of women took leading roles in several movements. Gandhi never considered women to be unfit for any position or task. From the considerable support of Gandhi, women’s groups were formed all over India and hardly a week passed where Gandhi did not address a women’s group. Mary Fainsoid said in her article that leftist commentators argued that women’s groups associated with parties have the potential of being more effective because of their connections with mass organizations xxii. Gandhi was a member of the Indian National Congress. He approved the declaration in 1931 that the Constitute would have to agree to for a free India. The particular clauses relating to women were those dealing with equal rights and obligations of citizens without any bar on account for sex, the protection of women workers and special adequate provisions of leave during maternity periodxxiii. The commitment that was made in 1931 was embodied in the Constitution of free India and was later adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly of 1949 xxiv. It is safe to say that the women’s contributions along with Gandhi’s leadership in the Independence struggle were in a sense rewarded by legal equality. Women in Indian society have achieved great prominence. This has been achieved not only by one single event but instead by a string of events. Gandhi is an individual who started the emancipation of women due to his protests for an Independent India. He not only introduced women to Satyagraha but he was also a ceaseless crusader for women’s equality. He brought the women of their homes and made them equal participants in the walks of life-social as well as political. The work of Gandhi has affected millions of people but the effect it has on women has changed their status forever. It is due to Gandhi’s initiative and guidance that India now has more working women than any other country. This includes female workers at all levels of skill – from the surgeon and the airline pilot to bus conductors and menial labourers xxv. Although, there are still many social barriers facing Indian women today, hopefully people will look upon Gandhi’s guidance and be motivated to abolish and prejudice that still occurs today. How to cite Gandhi’s Impact on the Liberation of Indian Women, Papers

Agency and Deterministic Theories

Question: Discuss about theAgency and Deterministic Theories. Answer: Introduction Enthusiasm for the focused results of organizational marvels has become altogether in the course of the most recent quite a long while. Generally, this intrigue has shown itself in 'procedure execution' investigate. Customary system execution researchers have concentrated the procedures through which a firm picks its techniques and in addition the procedures through which those techniques are executed. In this exertion, these researchers have depended vigorously on thoughts and hypotheses taken from organizational financial matters (e.g., exchange cost financial aspects, office theory), organizational theory (e.g., models of formal organizational structures), organizational conduct (e.g., initiative, individual and cooperative choice making). A theory was characterized as including models, definitional frameworks, explanatory composition, and effective builds. The criteria shown to assess a theory as critical were that the theory (1) ought to have demonstrated valuable in comprehension, clarifying, and anticipating the working of organizations or the conduct of individuals in them; (2) ought to have produced huge research; and (3) ought to have clear ramifications for practice and application in some region of administration or organizational working. The researcher is going to explore agency theory as well as the deterministic theory to make our understanding of organizational actions (Agnihotri, 2014). Summary of Theories The organization theory writing is loaded with deterministic possibility hypotheses in which the part of the human decision is consigned to a place very optional to the goals of ecological turbulence, innovative procedures, size and proprietorship, data handling necessities or normal determination forms. For instance, proposed connections with respect to "integrity of fit" contemplations amongst organizations and condition suggest that the outline of an organization takes after pretty much consequently from the degrees of variety and many-sided quality displayed by the earth. What such hypotheses do is accept that these "relevant" limitations are official in their belongings and drastically diminish the scope of organizational reaction other options to those that will create the correct "fit" with the autonomous variable being referred to. Camelia (2015) condenses this view succinctly in the opening section of Organizations in real life. He contends that organizations do a portion of the essential things they do on the grounds that they shouldor something bad might happen! Later on, he expresses that the "factors controlled by the organization are subordinated to the requirements and possibilities. In differentiating shut framework and open-framework techniques for examining organizations, Hong-wei John (2013) permit as how the last lets in a bigger number of factors than a man can grasp at one time, bringing about unusualness and vulnerability, and the previous gives the mental solace of expecting determinacy. In spite of the fact that Thom was alluding to the instabilities confronted by a manager, on the off chance that one looks carefully enough, one notification the creator's motivation of lessening his own logical vulnerability by looking for determinacy among the calculated and observational plans accessible. Determinism is one normal for the organizational writing referred to. Another is reductionism: the reviews tend to concentrate on one free factor (e.g., the level of turbulence) as it makes administrators control one-word variable (e.g., structure). Furthermore, the hypotheses, by and large, are gotten from static, cross-sectional connection considers, which exhibit issues of causal deduction: these sorts of investigations expect that the frameworks being contemplated are in equilibria. In one review that endeavored to rectify for both of these restrictions, Krstov Vodopivec (2012) looked for hypothetical combination by analyzing how rates of progress of two autonomous factors (size and innovation) influence the rates of progress of two ward factors (many-sided quality and basic separation). In any case, even with a dynamic examination, they found that clarifications for the impacts of the two relevant factors together proved unable to be created. In this manner, they were diminishe d to isolate causal models for every free factor. As contended beneath, maybe the quest for deterministic clarifications drive this reductionism. Agency theory has been utilized by researchers in bookkeeping, financial matters, fund, advertising, political science, organizational conduct, and human science. However, it is as yet encompassed by discussion. Its advocates contend that a transformation is close by and that the establishment of an intense theory of organizations is being established. Its spoilers call it unimportant, dehumanizing, and even "hazardous". In spite of Manrals (2010) affirmation that agency theory is altogether different from organization theory, agency theory has a few connections to standard organization points of view. At its foundations, agency theory is steady with the work of art works of Manzur Claudio (2017) on the way of agreeable conduct and on the incitements and commitments of the business relationship. As in this prior work, the heart of agency theory is the objective clash intrinsic when people with varying inclinations take part in a helpful exertion, and the basic similitude is that of the agreement. Agency theory is likewise like political models of organizations. Both agency and political points of view accept the quest for self-enthusiasm at the individual level and objective clash at the organizational level. Likewise, in both points of view, data asymmetry is connected to the energy of lower request members. The distinction is that in political models objective clashes are settled through dealing, transaction, and coalitionsthe power component of political science. In agency theory, they are settled through the alignment of motivationsthe value instrument of financial aspects (Martyn et al, 2017). Agency theory additionally is like the data handling ways to deal with possibility theory. Both points of view are data hypotheses. They accept that people are bounded sound and that data is disseminated lopsidedly all through the organization. They likewise are effectiveness hypotheses; that is, they utilize effective preparing of data as a basis for picking among different arranging frames. The distinction between the two is their concentration: In possibility, theory scientists are worried about the ideal organizing of detailing connections and basic leadership duties, though in agency theory they are worried about the ideal organizing of control connections coming about because of these detailing and basic leadership designs. For instance, utilizing possibility theory, we would be worried about whether a firm is sorted out in a divisional or network structure (Richard Gordon, 2016). Critical Analysis In the omnipresent mission for the diminishment of vulnerability, maybe people require the variable-lessening capacity that deterministic hypotheses give. From inside the approach, writing comes clarifications of firm conduct in which directors try to diminish the quantity of possibilities and blueprints from which they should react (Selene et al, 2015). What's more, despite the fact that the sane through a school of arrangement plan places the outlining of organizations as the sane procedure of executing a technique, organization structures themselves influence future choices what's more, place limitations on resulting system development. Manrals (2010) investigation of city government introduces an institutional model in which approach results are affected by which authoritative structure (chairman gathering or board supervisor) is utilized. Subsequently, institutionalized working systems, standardized parts, individual domains, and power connections inter conspire such that lone i ncremental and peripheral choices landed at through arranging and consecutive regard for objectives can prevail with regards to starting changes. Since monstrous reorganization ordinarily is viewed as unrealistic from a cost stance and is extremely opposed on account of its danger to existing force bases and its impact of reestablishing vulnerabilities natural in the changing of formal connections, basic dormancy offers to ascend to the incrementalism. Correspondingly, contending coalition bunches with vulnerability lessening standard working strategies advance consequentialism in objective mindfulness and fill in as smothering snags to breadth in system definition. The "political strengths" impact on the system so relevantly depicted by (Simchi-Levi, Bramel, Chen, 2014) likewise work vertically inside chains of command to influence policy results by affecting the transmission of data to the policymakers. This "political process" view is deterministic as in strategy results are controlled by powers outside the ability to control or insight of the policymaker; results fitting in with earlier expectations or activity are, best case scenario, unplanned. In a survey of models of "balanced" decision, Mar made the qualification between models of figured discernment, in which individual aims do manage individual (smaller scale) practices, and systemic judiciousness, in which expectations are found or learned as the organizational activity spreads out (Yahyagil, 2015). In either case, results are the result of (some of the time arbitrary) assemble communication, not administration. For instance, one model of ascertained discernment is Alistair Sbastiens (2017) "trash can" model of organizational decision, in which choices are created by the obvious propensity of individuals, issues, arrangements, and decisions to be joined by the generally subjective mishaps of their synchronization as opposed to them at first sight pertinence to each other. Presently, one ramification of determinism is that there are sure logical laws (cause-impact connections) that administer occasions. Those laws are discoverable through experimentation, either by researchers or by experts. In this soul, one systemic model, versatile levelheadedness, proposes that if the world and inclinations are steady and the experience sufficiently delayed, the conduct will approach the conduct that would be picked objectively on the premise of great information. At the end of the day, ther e are a few (deterministic) laws at work which will be found by supervisors as gathered experience licenses them to be uncovered. The above arrangement writing has a tendency to underscore interior structure or political determinants of approach, yet other research keeps up that procedure regularly is most certainly not figured (inside the firm) however is consulted with outer gatherings in the earth. This is particularly valid in government-controlled ventures (e.g., utilities) in which the "zone of key attentiveness" for top-level corporate chiefs is being diminished. Taking after this "outside limitation" perspective of the policymaking procedure, the revelation of new open doors and choices is not really the result of objective ecological examining, as proposed by defenders of key arranging; these options regularly are introduced to the chief by components in the earth itself. For instance, Camelia (2015) proposes that not rarely chiefs' consideration is called to key open doors by sources outside the firm; and this was the reason for Jain (2015) theory that the remote speculation choices made the American multinational firms were the consequence of getting proposition from difficult to overlook sources in their surroundings, (for example, outside governments, customers, and so on.), as opposed to from either casual or formal pursuit. Then again, a "balanced" way to deal with aligning with the earth, for example, collaborating or converging with different organizations, might be blocked, turned around, or generally upset by administrative activity. Taking after this pattern of distinguishing the "powers from without" that compel procedure making, another current line of research in a vital administration is spoken to by the utilization of industry financial aspects in examining the focused conduct of firms inside specific modern conditions. Modern organization financial matters place an industry "structure" (number and size of firms, the level of interest, and so forth), which decides the characteristic benefit of a specific industry. Vital administration researchers have refined this introduction by endeavoring to clarify contrasts in the execution of individual firms inside ventures. This exploration accepts that an arrangement of organization activities (systems) can be coordinated to industry goals to accomplish maximal execution (Rubn et al, 2014). Conclusion This paper has contended for a move in the path look into in methodology is directed keeping in mind the end goal to envelop the innovative action inferred in its administration. This involves a suspension of conventional direct thinking and the reception of a persuasive perspective. This is not a one of a kind viewpoint. A more legitimate viewpoint lies in the center. Agency theory gives a remarkable, realistic, and exactly testable viewpoint on issues of agreeable exertion. The expectation of this paper is to elucidate a portion of the perplexity encompassing agency theory and to lead organizational researchers to utilize agency theory in their investigation of the expansive scope of central specialist issues confronting firms. References Agnihotri, A. (2014). Corporate reputation based theory of choice between organic, hybrid and inorganic growth strategies. Corporate Communications, An International Journal, 19(3), 247-259. Alistair Anderson , Sbastien Ronteau. (2017). Towards an entrepreneurial theory of practice; emerging ideas for emerging economies. Journal of Entreprenuership in Emerging Economies, 110-120. Camelia, D. (2015). Grey systems theory in economics a historical applications review. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 5(2), 263-276. Hong-wei Hei, John Balmer. (2013). 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(2017). Markets and market boundaries: a social practice approach. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(2), 408-426. Richard N Landers, Gordon B Schmidt. (2016). Social Media in Employee Selection and Recruitment: Theory, Practice, and Current Challenges (illustrated ed.). Springer. Rubn Sarabia-Prez , Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla , Rafael Molina-Carmona. (2014). Deterministic mathematical morphology for CAD/CAM. Engeneering Computations, 1221-1241. Selene de Souza Siqueira Soares , Maria Sylvia Macchione Saes , Luiz Fernando de Oriani Paulillo. (2015). Brazilian ethanol market: Organizational change and impacts on the governance structures of distribution firms, 2000-2012. British Food Journal, 2532-2546. Simchi-Levi, D., Bramel, J., Chen, X. (2014). The logic of logistics : theory, algorithms, and applications for logistics and supply chain management (4 ed.). New York: Springer. Yahyagil, M. Y. (2015). Constructing a typology of culture in organizational behavior. 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